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GraphQL

GraphQL is a query language and runtime for APIs developed by Facebook. Unlike REST, where each endpoint returns a fixed data structure, GraphQL allows clients to specify exactly which fields they need in a single request. It uses a strongly typed schema to define the data model and supports queries, mutations, and real-time subscriptions.

Why It Matters

GraphQL solves common problems with REST APIs such as over-fetching and under-fetching data. It is particularly valuable for complex applications with diverse data needs, mobile apps where bandwidth matters, and teams that want a single API endpoint to serve multiple frontends. Major companies like GitHub, Shopify, and Twitter use GraphQL.

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