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Base64 Encoding

Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that converts binary data into a string of ASCII characters using a set of 64 characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /). It is commonly used to embed binary data — such as images, files, or cryptographic keys — in text-based formats like JSON, XML, HTML, and email. Base64 increases data size by approximately 33%.

Why It Matters

Base64 encoding is everywhere in web development. It is used in data URIs to embed images directly in HTML/CSS, in JWT tokens to encode headers and payloads, in email attachments (MIME), and in API payloads that need to transmit binary data as text. Understanding Base64 helps developers debug tokens, optimize assets, and work with APIs.

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